What is Bone Measurement?
Bone measurement is an examination performed in medicine to determine bone density and mineral content. This test helps understand how strong the bones are and whether there is a risk of fracture. It is especially important in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. When there is mineral loss in the bone structure, durability decreases and fractures can occur even with minor impacts. The measurement is carried out using special devices that operate with low-dose X-rays and does not harm the patient. Thus, it is a safe test that can be completed quickly. Today, bone measurement is one of the frequently used methods by specialist doctors both for diagnosis and during treatment.
Why is Bone Measurement Performed?
The primary purpose of this test is to evaluate bone health and identify potential risks in advance. Bone density may decrease in postmenopausal women, elderly individuals, those with a family history of osteoporosis, or those who use medications like corticosteroids for extended periods. Bone measurement is particularly important for these groups. Additionally, the bone structure of individuals who have previously experienced fractures is also checked with this test. Measurements done early allow detection of osteoporosis risk. Thus, lifestyle changes or treatment can help preserve bone health. In short, bone measurement plays an important role not only in disease detection but also in preventive health approaches.
How is Bone Measurement Performed?
During the procedure, the patient lies on a special device, and areas such as the spine, hip, or forearm are usually selected for measurement. The device sends low-dose X-rays to calculate the mineral density of the bones. The patient remains still during the procedure and does not feel any pain or discomfort. This test, which typically lasts 10 to 20 minutes, is practical and comfortable. No special preparation is required before the procedure. However, it is recommended not to take calcium supplements one day before the measurement. Also, there should be no metal objects on the body as they can affect the device’s readings.
Which Values are Important in Bone Measurement?
The most important parameters in this test are the T-score and Z-score. The T-score compares the patient’s bone density to that of healthy young adults. Values of -1 and above are considered normal, values between -1 and -2.5 indicate osteopenia, or low bone density, and -2.5 and below indicate osteoporosis. The Z-score compares the patient’s bone density with individuals of the same age and gender. A Z-score below -2 indicates low bone density for the patient’s age. These values are crucial for doctors to assess fracture risk and create a treatment plan. In addition to numerical values, the patient’s age, lifestyle, medications, and other health conditions are considered in the interpretation.
How Long Does Bone Measurement Take?
This test is completed in a short time. Results are typically obtained within 10 to 20 minutes. During the measurement, the patient lies on a special table while the device scans the selected areas. There is no pain or discomfort during scanning. The procedure is quick and practical, so daily life is not interrupted. Afterwards, the patient can continue normal activities. The technological capabilities of the device may affect the duration, but generally, a few minutes of scanning is sufficient. This makes it both comfortable and safe.
At What Age Should Bone Measurement be Done?
Generally, routine bone measurement is recommended for women over 65 and men over 70. However, in some risk groups, this test should be performed at an earlier age. In postmenopausal women, decreased estrogen levels lead to reduced bone density, making earlier measurement necessary. Additionally, those with a family history of osteoporosis, frequent fractures, low body weight, or long-term corticosteroid treatment may also need bone measurement at a younger age. This allows early monitoring of bone health and helps prevent potential fracture risks in the future.
How is Osteoporosis Determined in Bone Measurement?
The primary aim of this test is to diagnose osteoporosis. The T-score is the main criterion for determining osteoporosis. If the T-score is -1 or above, bone density is normal. Values between -1 and -2.5 indicate osteopenia, and values -2.5 and below confirm osteoporosis. The Z-score is also an important value showing bone density relative to age and gender. A low Z-score indicates that bone density is below normal for the patient’s age. The diagnosis of osteoporosis is not based solely on numerical values but is made considering the patient’s overall health and risk factors.
What Should Be Considered Before Bone Measurement?
No special fasting or preparation is required for this test. However, some points should be considered. Calcium supplements should not be taken 24 hours before the test, as they can affect results. Metal jewelry, belts, or zippers should not be worn, as they may interfere with accurate measurement. Comfortable clothing is recommended. If the patient is pregnant, the doctor must be informed because the test involves low-dose X-rays and is not preferred during pregnancy. With these simple precautions, bone measurement can be safely, quickly, and accurately performed.
How Are Bone Measurement Results Interpreted?
Results are usually evaluated based on T-scores and Z-scores. The T-score compares the patient’s bone density with that of a healthy young adult. Values of -1 and above are normal, values between -1 and -2.5 indicate osteopenia, and values -2.5 and below indicate osteoporosis. The Z-score compares bone density with peers of the same age and gender. A Z-score below -2 indicates low bone density for the age group. Evaluating both scores together helps determine fracture risk and guide treatment planning. Interpretation should always be done by a specialist, considering not only numerical data but also the patient’s age, medications, lifestyle, and overall health.
Where is Bone Measurement Performed?
This test can be performed in many healthcare facilities. Public hospitals, university hospitals, and private health centers have densitometry devices. Radiology departments are preferred since the measurement requires special equipment. While most hospitals in large cities provide this test, availability may be limited in smaller towns. Some private imaging centers also offer bone measurement. Regardless of the center, the technological capabilities of the device and the evaluation by specialist doctors are important for accurate results. An appointment is usually sufficient, and the procedure is completed quickly.
Bone Measurement Prices 2026
As of 2026, bone measurement prices vary depending on the healthcare facility and the scope of measurement. It is more affordable in public hospitals, while private hospitals and imaging centers may have higher fees. There is also a price difference between measuring a specific area and full-body measurement. More detailed protocols cost approximately 4,000 – 8,000 TL. The device technology and service scope affect prices. Individuals with private health insurance may have the test covered under their policy. Overall, considering its contribution to health, bone measurement is an accessible and important test.
Is Bone Measurement Done on an Empty Stomach?
No special fasting or food restriction is required. The test can be performed without disrupting the daily diet. However, calcium-containing medications or supplements should not be taken 24 hours before the test, as they may affect accuracy. Other than that, there are no restrictions. Wearing comfortable clothes and avoiding metal objects like jewelry, belts, or zippers is sufficient. These features make bone measurement a practical test that does not burden patients.
Is the Bone Measurement Device Harmful?
The device used for bone measurement operates with low-dose X-rays. This dose is much lower than the radiation exposure in daily life. Therefore, it is considered a safe method. The procedure does not cause pain, side effects, or health risks. However, women who may be pregnant must inform their doctor because, as with all radiological tests, caution is needed during pregnancy. Otherwise, the bone measurement device is not harmful and can be safely used regularly.
What Should Bone Density Be?
The T-score is the main criterion for evaluating bone density. According to WHO standards, a T-score of -1 or above is considered normal. Values between -1 and -2.5 indicate osteopenia, and values -2.5 and below indicate osteoporosis. These limits guide understanding of bone health. The Z-score allows evaluation relative to age and gender. A Z-score below -2 indicates low bone density for the age group. The lower the values, the higher the fracture risk.
Can Osteoporosis Occur at an Early Age?
Osteoporosis usually occurs at older ages. However, it can also develop at a young age in certain cases. Genetic predisposition, hormonal disorders, inadequate nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, chronic diseases, or long-term medication use can cause early-onset osteoporosis. Prolonged use of corticosteroids can reduce bone density. Eating disorders such as anorexia may also negatively affect bone health in youth. Therefore, not only age but also lifestyle and health history are factors in determining osteoporosis risk.
Does SGK Cover Bone Measurement?
The Social Security Institution (SGK) covers bone measurement under certain conditions. Especially when prescribed by a doctor, at-risk patients can have this test covered. Postmenopausal women, elderly individuals, or those suspected of having osteoporosis may benefit. However, whether SGK covers the test depends on the patient’s health report and examination findings. In private healthcare facilities, the test is performed for a fee, although some private insurance policies include coverage.
Is Bone Measurement Done in Public Hospitals?
Bone measurement can be performed in the radiology departments of public hospitals. Most public hospitals in large cities have densitometry devices to measure bone density, and results are evaluated by specialist doctors. Bone measurement in public hospitals is usually more affordable and may be free or low-cost for SGK-covered patients. Especially for those at risk of osteoporosis, the test is easily performed with a doctor’s referral.
Who Should Have a Bone Scan?
Bone scans are recommended for individuals in risk groups. Postmenopausal women, people over 65, those with a family history of osteoporosis, and individuals with frequent fractures should have this test regularly. Additionally, low-weight individuals, long-term corticosteroid users, and those with a sedentary lifestyle are advised to undergo screening. People with chronic illnesses or nutritional deficiencies are also at risk. Individuals with early bone loss risk may have scans based on the doctor’s recommendation.
Which Doctor Performs a Bone Scan?
Bone scans are performed by radiology specialists, and the measurement results are reported. However, different specialists may be involved in evaluating the results and planning treatment. Endocrinologists, physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists, and orthopedic doctors often review the results to determine appropriate treatment. In some cases, internal medicine doctors may also examine the report and provide guidance. In short, the measurement is performed by a radiologist, while multiple specialties may collaborate for treatment planning.
When Does Osteoporosis Begin?
Osteoporosis generally develops with age. In women, decreased estrogen levels after menopause rapidly reduce bone density, so risk increases around the 45-50 age range. In men, it usually appears later, typically after age 65. However, genetic factors, poor nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, smoking, and alcohol use can cause the disease to start earlier. Some chronic illnesses and long-term medication use also trigger bone loss. Therefore, not only age but also lifestyle and health history influence the onset of osteoporosis.
